利用柯西不等式求代数式最小值
2015-03-18 13:05
本范例演示如何利用柯西-施瓦茨不等式求解代数式的最小值问题。已知正数 a, b, c 满足 a + b + c = 3,求 1/a + 4/b + 9/c 的最小值。通过构造向量并利用向量的数量积与模长的关系,巧妙地将代数问题转化为向量不等式,从而得出最小值。适合高中数学不等式与最值优化学习。
所属专题
不等式
GeoGebra 画板及绘图内容加载中,请稍等……
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<geogebra format="5.0" version="5.0.42.0" id="3af17f7f-7d49-4886-8bc4-56d3d76b5750" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://www.geogebra.org/ggb.xsd" xmlns="" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" >
<gui>
<window width="800" height="600" />
<perspectives>
<perspective id="tmp">
<panes>
<pane location="" divider="0.25" orientation="1" />
</panes>
<views>
<view id="4097" visible="false" inframe="true" stylebar="true" location="1,1,1,1" size="400" window="878,292,700,550" />
<view id="1" visible="false" inframe="false" stylebar="true" location="3,1" size="489" window="100,100,600,400" />
<view id="4" toolbar="0 || 2020 , 2021 , 2022 , 66 || 2001 , 2003 , 2002 , 2004 , 2005 || 2040 , 2041 , 2042 , 2044 , 2043" visible="false" inframe="false" stylebar="false" location="1,1" size="300" window="100,100,600,400" />
<view id="8" toolbar="1001 | 1002 | 1003 || 1005 | 1004 || 1006 | 1007 | 1010 || 1008 1009 || 66 68 || 6" visible="false" inframe="false" stylebar="false" location="1,3" size="300" window="100,100,600,400" />
<view id="2" visible="false" inframe="false" stylebar="true" location="3" size="200" window="595,250,250,400" />
<view id="16" visible="false" inframe="false" stylebar="false" location="1" size="150" window="50,50,500,500" />
<view id="32" visible="false" inframe="false" stylebar="true" location="1" size="150" window="50,50,500,500" />
<view id="64" visible="false" inframe="true" stylebar="true" location="1" size="150" window="50,50,500,500" />
<view id="70" toolbar="0 || 2020 || 2021 || 2022" visible="false" inframe="true" stylebar="true" location="1" size="150" window="50,50,500,500" />
<view id="512" visible="true" inframe="false" stylebar="true" location="1" size="789" window="50,50,500,500" />
</views>
<toolbar show="true" items="0 39 | 1 501 67 , 5 19 , 72 | 2 15 45 , 18 65 , 7 37 | 4 3 8 9 , 13 44 , 58 , 47 | 16 51 64 , 70 | 10 34 53 11 , 24 20 22 , 21 23 | 55 56 57 , 12 | 36 46 , 38 49 50 , 71 | 30 29 54 32 31 33 | 17 26 62 73 , 14 68 | 25 52 60 61 | 40 41 42 , 27 28 35 , 6" position="1" help="true" />
<input show="true" cmd="true" top="false" />
<dockBar show="true" east="true" />
</perspective>
</perspectives>
<labelingStyle val="3"/>
<font size="12"/>
<graphicsSettings javaLatexFonts="false"/>
</gui>
<euclidianView>
<size width="489" height="444"/>
<coordSystem xZero="215.0" yZero="315.00000000000006" scale="49.99999999999999" yscale="50.00000000000003"/>
<evSettings axes="false" grid="false" gridIsBold="false" pointCapturing="3" rightAngleStyle="1" checkboxSize="26" gridType="0"/>
<bgColor r="255" g="255" b="255"/>
<axesColor r="0" g="0" b="0"/>
<gridColor r="192" g="192" b="192"/>
<lineStyle axes="1" grid="10"/>
<axis id="0" show="false" label="" unitLabel="" tickStyle="1" showNumbers="true"/>
<axis id="1" show="false" label="" unitLabel="" tickStyle="1" showNumbers="true"/>
</euclidianView>
<kernel>
<uses3D val="true"/>
<continuous val="false"/>
<usePathAndRegionParameters val="true"/>
<decimals val="2"/>
<angleUnit val="degree"/>
<algebraStyle val="0"/>
<coordStyle val="0"/>
<angleFromInvTrig val="false"/>
</kernel>
<scripting blocked="false" disabled="false"/>
<euclidianView3D>
<coordSystem xZero="-0.06328638283360771" yZero="-0.3426682529397258" zZero="-0.4025472955742231" scale="68.03906077747227" xAngle="24.0" zAngle="335.0"/>
<evSettings axes="true" grid="false" gridIsBold="false" pointCapturing="3" rightAngleStyle="1" gridType="0"/>
<axis id="0" show="true" label="" unitLabel="" tickStyle="2" showNumbers="false"/>
<axis id="1" show="true" label="" unitLabel="" tickStyle="2" showNumbers="false"/>
<axis id="2" show="true" label="" unitLabel="" tickStyle="2" showNumbers="false"/>
<plate show="false"/>
<bgColor r="255" g="255" b="255"/>
<clipping use="false" show="false" size="1"/>
<projection type="1"/>
</euclidianView3D>
<construction title="" author="" date="">
<element type="numeric" label="r">
<value val="1.7320508075688772"/>
<show object="false" label="true"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0.1"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="1"/>
<animation step="1" speed="1" type="0" playing="false"/>
<selectionAllowed val="false"/>
</element>
<expression label="s" exp="x^(2) + y^(2) + z^(2) = r^(2)" type="quadric" />
<element type="quadric" label="s">
<show object="true" label="true"/>
<objColor r="255" g="0" b="0" alpha="0.1"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<selectionAllowed val="false"/>
<matrix A0="1.0" A1="1.0" A2="1.0" A3="-2.9999999999999996" A4="0.0" A5="0.0" A6="0.0" A7="0.0" A8="0.0" A9="0.0"/>
</element>
<command name="PointIn">
<input a0="s"/>
<output a0="P"/>
</command>
<element type="point3d" label="P">
<show object="true" label="false"/>
<objColor r="255" g="255" b="0" alpha="0.0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<animation step="0.1" speed="1" type="0" playing="false"/>
<coords x="1.173954616230521" y="0.9727801895780899" z="0.8219058716151534" w="1.0"/>
<pointSize val="5"/>
</element>
<command name="Vector">
<input a0="P"/>
<output a0="u"/>
</command>
<element type="vector3d" label="u">
<show object="true" label="false"/>
<objColor r="255" g="215" b="0" alpha="0.0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<selectionAllowed val="false"/>
<coords x="1.173954616230521" y="0.9727801895780899" z="0.8219058716151534" w="0.0"/>
<lineStyle thickness="5" type="0" typeHidden="2"/>
</element>
<command name="Circle">
<input a0="xAxis" a1="(0, 0, r)"/>
<output a0="cx"/>
</command>
<element type="conic3d" label="cx">
<show object="true" label="false"/>
<objColor r="255" g="0" b="0" alpha="0.0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<selectionAllowed val="false"/>
<lineStyle thickness="2" type="20" typeHidden="2"/>
<eigenvectors x0="1.0" y0="0.0" z0="1.0" x1="-0.0" y1="1.0" z1="1.0"/>
<matrix A0="1.0" A1="1.0" A2="-2.9999999999999996" A3="0.0" A4="-0.0" A5="-0.0"/>
<eqnStyle style="implicit"/>
<lineStyle thickness="2" type="20" typeHidden="2"/>
</element>
<command name="Circle">
<input a0="yAxis" a1="(0, 0, r)"/>
<output a0="d"/>
</command>
<element type="conic3d" label="d">
<show object="true" label="false"/>
<objColor r="0" g="153" b="0" alpha="0.0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<selectionAllowed val="false"/>
<lineStyle thickness="2" type="20" typeHidden="2"/>
<eigenvectors x0="1.0" y0="0.0" z0="1.0" x1="-0.0" y1="1.0" z1="1.0"/>
<matrix A0="1.0" A1="1.0" A2="-2.9999999999999996" A3="0.0" A4="-0.0" A5="-0.0"/>
<eqnStyle style="implicit"/>
<lineStyle thickness="2" type="20" typeHidden="2"/>
</element>
<command name="Circle">
<input a0="zAxis" a1="(r, 0, 0)"/>
<output a0="e"/>
</command>
<element type="conic3d" label="e">
<show object="true" label="false"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="255" alpha="0.15"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<selectionAllowed val="false"/>
<lineStyle thickness="2" type="20" typeHidden="2"/>
<eigenvectors x0="1.0" y0="0.0" z0="1.0" x1="-0.0" y1="1.0" z1="1.0"/>
<matrix A0="1.0" A1="1.0" A2="-2.9999999999999996" A3="0.0" A4="-0.0" A5="-0.0"/>
<eqnStyle style="implicit"/>
<lineStyle thickness="2" type="20" typeHidden="2"/>
</element>
<expression label="v" exp="(1 / x(u), 2 / y(u), 3 / z(u))" type="vector" />
<element type="vector3d" label="v">
<show object="true" label="false"/>
<objColor r="255" g="0" b="255" alpha="0.0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<coords x="0.851821685586896" y="2.0559629209425325" z="3.650053009238886" w="0.0"/>
<lineStyle thickness="5" type="0" typeHidden="2"/>
</element>
<command name="Surface">
<input a0="((r * cos(s)) * cos(t))" a1="((r * sin(s)) * cos(t))" a2="(r * sin(t))" a3="s" a4="0" a5="1.5707963267948966" a6="t" a7="0" a8="1.5707963267948966"/>
<output a0="s2"/>
</command>
<element type="surfacecartesian3d" label="s2">
<show object="true" label="false"/>
<objColor r="255" g="0" b="0" alpha="0.5"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<selectionAllowed val="false"/>
<levelOfDetail val="5"/>
</element>
<expression label="w" exp="(((u * v)) / ((u * u)) * u)" type="vector" />
<element type="vector3d" label="w">
<show object="true" label="false"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0.0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<selectionAllowed val="false"/>
<coords x="2.3479092324610424" y="1.9455603791561802" z="1.6438117432303072" w="0.0"/>
<lineStyle thickness="2" type="0" typeHidden="2"/>
</element>
<element type="point3d" label="O">
<show object="false" label="true"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="255" alpha="0.0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<animation step="1" speed="1" type="0" playing="false"/>
<coords x="0.0" y="0.0" z="0.0" w="1.0"/>
<pointSize val="3"/>
</element>
<command name="Segment">
<input a0="O + w" a1="O + v"/>
<output a0="a"/>
</command>
<element type="segment3d" label="a">
<show object="true" label="false"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0.0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<selectionAllowed val="false"/>
<lineStyle thickness="2" type="20" typeHidden="1"/>
<outlyingIntersections val="false"/>
<keepTypeOnTransform val="true"/>
</element>
<expression label="b" exp="x^(2) + y^(2) + z^(2) = (w * w)" type="quadric" />
<element type="quadric" label="b">
<show object="true" label="false"/>
<objColor r="153" g="204" b="255" alpha="0.2"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<selectionAllowed val="false"/>
<matrix A0="1.0" A1="1.0" A2="1.0" A3="-12.000000000000004" A4="0.0" A5="0.0" A6="0.0" A7="0.0" A8="0.0" A9="0.0"/>
</element>
<expression label="r2" exp="sqrt((w * w))" />
<element type="numeric" label="r2">
<value val="3.4641016151377553"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0.1"/>
</element>
<command name="Polygon">
<input a0="(r2, r2, 0)" a1="((-r2), r2, 0)" a2="((-r2), (-r2), 0)" a3="(r2, (-r2), 0)"/>
<output a0="poly1" a1="c" a2="f" a3="g" a4="h"/>
</command>
<element type="polygon3d" label="poly1">
<lineStyle thickness="0" type="0" typeHidden="2"/>
<show object="true" label="false"/>
<objColor r="160" g="160" b="160" alpha="0.6"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<selectionAllowed val="false"/>
</element>
<element type="segment3d" label="c">
<show object="true" label="false"/>
<objColor r="160" g="160" b="160" alpha="0.0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<auxiliary val="false"/>
<lineStyle thickness="0" type="0" typeHidden="2"/>
<outlyingIntersections val="false"/>
<keepTypeOnTransform val="true"/>
</element>
<element type="segment3d" label="f">
<show object="true" label="false"/>
<objColor r="160" g="160" b="160" alpha="0.0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<auxiliary val="false"/>
<lineStyle thickness="0" type="0" typeHidden="2"/>
<outlyingIntersections val="false"/>
<keepTypeOnTransform val="true"/>
</element>
<element type="segment3d" label="g">
<show object="true" label="false"/>
<objColor r="160" g="160" b="160" alpha="0.0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<auxiliary val="false"/>
<lineStyle thickness="0" type="0" typeHidden="2"/>
<outlyingIntersections val="false"/>
<keepTypeOnTransform val="true"/>
</element>
<element type="segment3d" label="h">
<show object="true" label="false"/>
<objColor r="160" g="160" b="160" alpha="0.0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<auxiliary val="false"/>
<lineStyle thickness="0" type="0" typeHidden="2"/>
<outlyingIntersections val="false"/>
<keepTypeOnTransform val="true"/>
</element>
<command name="Circle">
<input a0="zAxis" a1="(r2, 0, 0)"/>
<output a0="k"/>
</command>
<element type="conic3d" label="k">
<show object="true" label="false"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0.0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<selectionAllowed val="false"/>
<lineStyle thickness="3" type="0" typeHidden="1"/>
<eigenvectors x0="1.0" y0="0.0" z0="1.0" x1="-0.0" y1="1.0" z1="1.0"/>
<matrix A0="1.0" A1="1.0" A2="-12.000000000000005" A3="0.0" A4="-0.0" A5="-0.0"/>
<eqnStyle style="implicit"/>
<lineStyle thickness="3" type="0" typeHidden="1"/>
</element>
<command name="Angle">
<input a0="O" a1="O + w" a2="O + v"/>
<output a0="α"/>
</command>
<element type="angle3d" label="α">
<angleStyle val="1"/>
<value val="1.5707963267948968"/>
<show object="true" label="false"/>
<condition showObject="Distance[O + w, O + v] > 0.5"/>
<objColor r="51" g="51" b="255" alpha="0.5"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<lineStyle thickness="1" type="0" typeHidden="2"/>
<arcSize val="30"/>
<selectionAllowed val="false"/>
</element>
<command name="UnitVector">
<input a0="Vector[v - w]"/>
<output a0="u1"/>
</command>
<element type="vector3d" label="u1">
<show object="false" label="false"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0.0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<coords x="-0.5972193291600391" y="0.04407130590784541" z="0.8008662765238715" w="0.0"/>
<lineStyle thickness="2" type="0" typeHidden="1"/>
</element>
<command name="UnitVector">
<input a0="w"/>
<output a0="w1"/>
</command>
<element type="vector3d" label="w1">
<show object="false" label="false"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0.0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<coords x="0.677783013697095" y="0.5616349043152453" z="0.4745275762255428" w="0.0"/>
<lineStyle thickness="2" type="0" typeHidden="1"/>
</element>
<expression label="v1" exp="w1 ⊗ u1" type="vector" />
<element type="vector3d" label="v1">
<show object="false" label="false"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0.0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<coords x="0.4288814046112471" y="-0.8262105992120787" z="0.36529000332379963" w="0.0"/>
<lineStyle thickness="2" type="0" typeHidden="1"/>
</element>
<element type="numeric" label="k1">
<value val="1.5"/>
<show object="false" label="true"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0.1"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="1"/>
<animation step="0.1" speed="1" type="0" playing="false"/>
</element>
<command name="Polygon">
<input a0="O + w + (k1 * u1) + (k1 * v1)" a1="O + w + (k1 * u1) - (k1 * v1)" a2="O + w - (k1 * u1) - (k1 * v1)" a3="O + w - (k1 * u1) + (k1 * v1)"/>
<output a0="poly2" a1="i" a2="j" a3="l" a4="m"/>
</command>
<element type="polygon3d" label="poly2">
<lineStyle thickness="1" type="0" typeHidden="1"/>
<show object="true" label="false"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0.25"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<selectionAllowed val="false"/>
</element>
<element type="segment3d" label="i">
<show object="true" label="false"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0.0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<auxiliary val="false"/>
<lineStyle thickness="1" type="0" typeHidden="1"/>
<outlyingIntersections val="false"/>
<keepTypeOnTransform val="true"/>
</element>
<element type="segment3d" label="j">
<show object="true" label="false"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0.0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<auxiliary val="false"/>
<lineStyle thickness="1" type="0" typeHidden="1"/>
<outlyingIntersections val="false"/>
<keepTypeOnTransform val="true"/>
</element>
<element type="segment3d" label="l">
<show object="true" label="false"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0.0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<auxiliary val="false"/>
<lineStyle thickness="1" type="0" typeHidden="1"/>
<outlyingIntersections val="false"/>
<keepTypeOnTransform val="true"/>
</element>
<element type="segment3d" label="m">
<show object="true" label="false"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0.0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<auxiliary val="false"/>
<lineStyle thickness="1" type="0" typeHidden="1"/>
<outlyingIntersections val="false"/>
<keepTypeOnTransform val="true"/>
</element>
</construction>
</geogebra>